There are many different uses for discourse markers in making an essay cohesive. The following are a few ways they are used.
To introduce ideas:
First of all, to begin/start with, initially, firstly.
To add extra points:
And, also, and then, secondly, additionally, moreover, next, second, in addition (to this), furthermore, further, besides (this), not only…but also, as well as (this), what is more, too, lastly, last but not least.
To add contrasting points:
But, however, on the other hand, while, and yet, despite, in spite of, although, even though, though, nevertheless, regardless (of), on the contrary, whereas, conversely.
To give a time sequence:
After, afterwards, after a while, meanwhile, before, lately, in the past, simultaneously, until, until now, subsequently, earlier, later, previously, prior to that, formerly, presently, thereafter, then, at last, eventually, as long as, next.
To signal causes, effects etc:
So (that), in order to, for the purpose of, then, if, suppose, supposing (that), as a result of, because (of), therefore, consequently, provided/providing (that), unless, even if, only if, otherwise, in that case, thus, in case, in the event that, as long as, due to, seeing that, in view of (this), owing to (this), for this reason.
To conclude:
In conclusion, as has been said/mentioned/noted, as stated, as I have said, finally, to summarise, to sum up, in summary, in short, in other words, in simpler terms.
Now, practise! Check these links!
http://www.bond.edu.au/tls/service/learningsupport/learning/discourse/lesson1.html
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/conjunctions.htm
http://www.better-english.com/grammar/con2.htm
http://englishonline.free.fr/GrammarAndHelp/HowToExpressThoughts/LinkwordsDoc.htm
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